Sensory overload and autism: a guide for parents
Parenthood is a rewarding journey, filled with love and fun moments. However, it is not an easy one and when raising neurodiverse children it can present unique challenges. Sensory overload is one such challenge. Here I am going to explore what sensory overload is, how it affects autistic children and offer strategies for parents to support their children.
My name is Carly Steel and I have been working with autistic children, young people, and their families for around 14 years. I am a qualified teacher with a master’s degree in autism and have experience of teaching and leadership within a number of educational provisions. My main interests and passions are wellbeing and mental health, consultation of young people and their families and alternative provisions. Most importantly, I am autistic, with a lived experience of sensory overload.
Understanding sensory overload
Sensory overload occurs when an individual's sensory system becomes overwhelmed by too much sensory input. This can happen in various environments and situations, such as crowded places, bright lights, loud noises, or even during times of heightened emotions. For neurodiverse children, who may have sensory sensitivities or differences in processing sensory information, the experience of sensory overload can be more intense and frequent.
Neurodiversity: celebrating differences
Before delving into strategies to manage sensory overload, it's important to understand what neurodiversity is. Neurodiversity is the idea that neurological differences, such as autism, ADHD, sensory processing disorders, and others, are natural variations of the human brain. It is important to not only accept these differences but celebrate someone’s strengths and unique perspective. That said, we want to avoid trivialising someone’s experience and recognise that a neurodivergent child will face different challenges.
Recognising the signs of sensory overload
What might it look like when your child becomes overloaded with sensory information? As parents it is important to recognise these signs as a young child is unlikely to be able to understand or express how they are feeling. They may also find it difficult to understand why they are feeling that way and what they can do to feel better. Here are some signs to look out for:
- Withdrawal: The child may withdraw from the environment or social interactions to reduce sensory input. If they are unable to remove themselves from the situation they may place their hands over their ears, put their hood up, look away, close their eyes, prefer to be in a corner with their back against the wall or near an exit.
- Irritability or anxiety: Increased irritability, restlessness, or mood swings can be indicators of sensory overload. The child may show signs of anxiety such as shaking, sweating and poor concentration.
- Distraction: They may try to distract themselves from the input by focusing on one thing or blocking out sensory input. This could include counting, humming, tapping, picking their skin, playing with their hair and even self-harm.
- Sensory-seeking behaviours: Some children may engage in repetitive behaviours or seek out sensory input, like rocking, flapping their hands, jumping off objects and lying down on the floor.
- Communication difficulties: Difficulty in expressing themselves or understanding others. They may struggle to follow instructions and reply to your questions.
Strategies for supporting autistic children and young people
1. Create a sensory-friendly environment
Design safe spaces at home where sensory input can be controlled, such as dimming lights, using noise-cancelling headphones and reducing unnecessary clutter.
Provide sensory tools like fidget toys, weighted blankets, or chewable jewellery to help regulate sensory input.
2. Establish predictable routines
Predictability can be comforting for neurodiverse children. Establish daily routines to reduce surprises and anxiety.
Have a plan for events where sensory input will be high. Coming up with a plan together in advance will really help, as the child is unlikely to be able to think what they want or need during sensory overload.
3. Effective communication
Use clear and concise language and visual supports to aid communication during sensory overload.
4. Encourage self-advocacy
Teach your child to recognise their own sensory triggers and develop strategies for self-regulation. This empowers them to communicate their needs effectively.
5. Sensory breaks
Allow for regular breaks in overstimulating environments to recharge and regulate sensory input. This could include time alone, time with their interests or screen time during busy times.
Sensory overload can feel overwhelming for the child and difficult to understand for parents. However, with patience, planning and the right strategies, parents can help their children with sensory processing differences. Remember, every child is different, and what works for one may not work for another. The key is to create a supportive and inclusive environment where they can thrive and be happy.
About the author
Carly Steel is an autism specialist and has been working with autistic children, young people and their families for around 14 years. She is a qualified teacher with a master’s degree in autism and experience of teaching and leadership within several educational provisions. Her main interests and passions are wellbeing and mental health, consultation of young people and their families and alternative provisions. Learn more about Carly's work.
